MicroL4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MicroL4 - Essay Example Advanced education has end up being helpful in casting a ballot matters moreover. Training is an advantage. It has given advantages such as mindfulness, capacity to think carefully and fundamentally, being able to meet various individuals, which are less unmistakable and will assist a kid with growing up being a superior person. Be that as it may, there are sure costs that must be brought about for attending a university. The open door expenses of heading off to college incorporate a few segments. To begin with, the open door cost of one heading off to college incorporates the cash that the individual in question would have earned as opposed to going to classes. It likewise incorporates the measure of wages that were inevitable by not accomplishing work and simply going to school. In deciding on heading off to college, one has likewise lost the chance to develop a vocation and the related pay that could be earned rather than not setting off for college. The best open door cost of set ting off for college is the pay that the individual needs to done without for going to classes. 2. The edge is viewed as an extremely critical idea in the zone of business and financial aspects. In financial aspects the idea of edge is identified with a wide scope of subjects including utility, income, costs, benefit, item, and so on. We are very acquainted with the particulars of peripheral utility, minimal income, minor costs, negligible benefit, minimal item, etc. The term edge for the most part represents the distinction in the estimation of a variable when one extra unit of some other variable is utilized. For instance, peripheral utility of an item alludes to the expansion or diminishing in all out utility of a person because of one unit increment in the utilization of the item. The idea of edge is extremely basic in monetary dynamic. The degree of p of merchandise, the degree of creation of products, and so forth are constantly dictated by thinking about minor prerequisite. F or instance, a firm is a benefit maximizer in the sense it will consistently deliver an item so that its benefit is augmented. In an entirely serious market, the firm will amplify its benefit when minimal costs will b equivalent to its negligible income. The firm will keep on expanding its creation until minimal income gets equivalent to its peripheral expense. The purpose of uniformity is viewed as the harmony purpose of the firm. In this way the idea of edge is significant in financial dynamic. Without the thought of edge prerequisite it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to direct financial exercises in ideal manners. Notwithstanding, it isn't generally fundamental that a wide range of monetary choices are taken utilizing the peripheral idea as it were. For instance, in an entirely serious market the make back the initial investment purpose of a firm isn't dictated by any minor idea. The earn back the original investment point is pertinent in short run creation. This po int for the most part alludes to the point of closing down of creation. A firm in an entirely serious market will close down or stop creation in short run when its normal variable expenses become more prominent than its normal income, for example its normal income even neglect to cover the firm’s normal variable expenses. In this manner the idea of normal is significant in bringing closed down choice. 3. There has been an enormous discussion over the tax reduction strategy by shrub organization in 2001 and 2003. Shrubbery tax breaks chiefly allude to two significant assessment approaches made and actualized during the Presidential period of George W. Shrubbery. Through these approaches, the Bush organization for the most part brought down duty rates in the United States. These assessment arrangements viably brought down minimal duty rates for practically all

Amygdala and Hippocampus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Amygdala and Hippocampus - Essay Example The subsequent examination was made to record impacts of sores of various mind parts, which were amygdala, dorsal hippocampus, and cortex dorsal to the hippocampus. It was uncovered that creatures with amygdala injuries demonstrated a huge contrast in both pre-CS and CS during the investigation. Creatures with sores on hippocampus indicated no huge change in time of freezing during the CS on quickly however showed a fundamentally decreased freezing time during pre-CS condition. Sores of the neocortex over the hippocampus had no undeniable change on sticking to neither CS nor pre-CS contrasted and unoperated control gathering (Phillips R. G. what's more, LeDoux, 1992, p.276).This study demonstrates that amygdala is a basic segment in dread molding, paying little heed to the sort of boost input filling in as the CS. Amygdala is engaged with the development of relationship between the aversive US and of any of an assortment of kinds of CSS, extending from the least complex to the most m ind boggling. Hippocampus, in spite of the fact that a bit much for molding with an express CS, is important for the molding of dread reactions to logical improvements. Likewise, the examination shows the logical molding may not be an essential part of dread molding. I concur with, it since when forces of the US are low, molding just created to the express CS. At the point when forces expands, freezing time increments in the both express CS and the specific circumstance, however logical molding required a more prominent number of exposures to the US.

Newport News

Newport News Newport News, independent city (1990 pop. 170,045), SE Va., on the Virginia peninsula, at the mouth of the James River, off Hampton Roads, near Norfolk; inc. 1896. It is a port for transatlantic and intracoastal shipping; commodities handled include coal, oil, tobacco, grain, and ores. Newport News is also one of the nation's major shipbuilding and repair centersâ€"its shipbuilding industry began in 1886. The U.S.S. Enterprise II, the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, was constructed there. The city's other industries include seafood processing, printing and publishing, and the manufacture of office and electronic equipment, plastic and paper products, and apparel. There are also oil refineries. Newport News was settled by Irish colonists c.1620 but did not grow appreciably until 1880, when it became the eastern terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio RR. In 1862 the famous battle between the ironclad ships Monitor and Merrimack took place off Newport News. Points of interest include the Mariners Museum (including the U.S.S. Monitor Center), the War Memorial Museum of Virginia, the Virginia Living Museum and Planetarium, and the Victory Arch (1919, rebuilt 1962). Fort Eustis, with the Matthew Jones House (1660) on the fort's grounds, is there. Christopher Newport Univ. is in the city. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Discrimination Veterans in the Workplace Essay - 1619 Words

Running head: VETERANS DISCRIMINATION 1 Discrimination: Veterans in the Workplace xxxxxxxxxxx National University HRM-439 Professor xxxxxxxxxxxx 23 December 2013 VETERANS DISCRIMINATION 2 Abstract Discrimination against veterans and those who serve in the reserve forces of the United States is prevalent and is attempted often for veterans returning from war, deployments, and training. Discrimination can also be found in the hiring of veterans and family members of veterans. Seven signs of discrimination against veterans in†¦show more content†¦The case of Justin Slaby verses Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) . Justin Slaby lost his hand during a training accident as a Army Ranger in 2004. In 2011, after passing the requirements for the FBI academy, he was accepted into the academy. Shortly after his training began, he was removed from the academy by the instructors stating that he could not fire a weapon with his prosthetic hand. It was determined that the FBI discriminated against him since they claimed he could not safely discharge a firearm with his prosthetic hand. Since Slaby only fired with his dominate hand, this was a clear case of discriminatio n and the courts ruled in favor of Slabby. The court ordered that he be allowed to resume training. (Zapotosky, 2013) Second sign, many employers do not want to hire those serving in the reserves. They are concerned that the service member may be recalled to active duty or their required military training will take them out of the workplace for extended periods of time. In these situations, the USERRA proctects the service member (Ballman, 2012). The case of Vicent E. Staub verses Proctor Hospital supports USERRA’s protection. Staub was a Army reservist employed by Proctor Hospital. Staub’s affiliation with the Army required him to attend one drill weekend per month and participate in a 2 to 3 week active duty training period during eachShow MoreRelatedAffirmative Action and the Disabled: Should Disabled Veterans Receive Preferential Treatment in Hiring Decisions?1028 Words   |  4 PagesDisabled: Should Disabled Veterans Receive Preferential Treatment in Hiring D ecisions? When people think of affirmative action programs, they generally think of programs that give preference to candidates based on gender or race. However, one of the most vital affirmative action programs in the United States is the Disabled Veterans Affirmative Action Program (DVAAP). Under these programs, agencies are not only required to give preferential treatment to disabled veterans, but also cultivate programsRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1045 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Leading Causes of High Unemployment Rates among U.S. Veterans† The newest face of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has manifested itself regularly into action packed movies, public scrutiny, and negative stereotypes by the media. The unfortunate truth surrounding PTSD is that employers are unenthusiastic about hiring veterans with these hidden disabilities. Unemployment rates in the United States amongst post 9/11 veterans have significantly increased and employers consider the conditionRead MoreRose To $21,000 Which Was One Of The Largest Jumps That1009 Words   |  5 PagesGap by State and Congressional District). Significant progress is being made in the fight for workplace equality, the combined effects of the continuing rise in education level and the provisions of Equal Pay Act will continue to fuel the movement of equality. Agency Demographics The proposed solution will be based on a meso level, the meso level will be an agency. This agency works with homeless Veterans and is located in the south. This agency is made up of Caucasian males, 1 Latino male, 5 womenRead MoreEmployment Relationship Within The Workplace1163 Words   |  5 Pagesmodify the at-will nature of the employment relationship, and the modification must be in writing. Workplace Commitments 2.1 Equal Opportunity Employment This Company is an equal opportunity employer and does not unlawfully discriminate against employees or applicants for employment on the basis of an individual’s race, color, religion, creed, sex, national origin, age, disability, marital status, veteran status or any other status protected by applicable law. This policy applies to all terms, conditionsRead MoreWorkplace Discrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1588 Words   |  7 Pages prejudice and discrimination occur even in places which, by definition, should be free of all personal prejudices – specifically, in offices and other business surroundings. This tragedy is called workplace discrimination; not every unfair behavior at work, however, can be assessed as discrimination. 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Companies that receive government aid are forced to allow racial minorities, women, and disabled workers aRead MoreNon Discrimination Policies Of The Home Depot Company Essay782 Words   |  4 Pages Non-Discrimination Policy Name: Course Name: Course Instructor: Date of Submission: Non-Discrimination Policy Companies that discriminate on basis of a host of job-irrelevant issues, comprising race, sexual orientation, gender, disability, age and ethnicity put themselves at a competitive disadvantage as opposed to companies that appraise employees solely on their credentials and qualifications to work well. Given the high rates of discrimination encountering the workforce

Introduction To Jit On The Basis Of Quality Management Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3372 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? In todays competitive global business environment, the goal of all manufacturing systems to survive long term. Survival of manufacturing in a increasingly competitive market close will depend on its ability to produce the best quality at the lowest price possible and in a timely manner with the shortest delivery times. Moreover, these goals must be achieved by paying greater respect to mankind staff who operate the system. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Introduction To Jit On The Basis Of Quality Management Business Essay" essay for you Create order Although it is difficult to achieve is the complexity of manufacturing processes. It is not hard to build quality, but are extremely difficult to do while maintaining excellent quality and respect for the humanity of people who do the actual work of building the product. A Just-in-Time (JIT) approach proposed here is able to achieve all the objectives above. Just-in-Time (JIT) On the basis of quality management is both a philosophy and guiding principles that integrates basic management techniques, existing improvement efforts and technical tools. This approach focuses on long-term benefits due to the elimination of waste and continuous improvement of systems, programs, products and people. It has an important influence on quality control, purchasing, and work culture with a philosophy that includes the cost of meeting delivery schedules, employee empowerment and skills development, supplier relations and development new products. But this approach requires factories to keep in ventories of finished, because even a small problem in the supply chain, and small errors on defective goods can increase production to stop. Some techniques for controlling single market and the quality is developed so that the raw materials or components of high quality can reach the factory, as they needed, and the production of defective products can be reduced to near zero degrees. Conceptually, this approach combines seemingly contradictory goals of low cost, quality, manufacturing flexibility, and reliability of delivery. Its effects are important for improving the overall performance of the entire organization. However, there is no standard for implementing JIT is not steady progress towards the ultimate goal of service you want, with a continuous flow smoothly synchronized correspond to final demand, with perfect quality goods receipt. The adoption of JIT approach in the context of India can be useful for these industries are still struggling with reliability issues and long delays, low quality, low productivity, high rates of waste and defects, shortages of raw materials, and underutilization of workers and equipment. Theory of JIT production Based on quality management is the combination of JIT inventory control, quality control and management functions of production that made sincere efforts to improve the quality of two ways. First, it focuses on the philosophical aspect of improving quality through accountability for the quality of each, and then focused on the effective implementation of quality control technician. He acknowledged that the most valuable resources of an organization are the workers and employees work best when they are motivated, valued, to contribute, and allowed to make their own decisions. Under this approach, workers inspect the quality of the product after each successive operation. They are trained with the managers in the preparation and interpretation of process control charts. Managers motivate employees to think about the quality of the production rate of the first and second. Workers have the power to stop the production line or cell, if quality problems are discovered. Thus, this conc ept not only provides quality responsibilities of workers, but also reflect this responsibility with the authority to share the functions of quality control, if quality problems can be identified and resolved quickly. In addition, the JIT production system requires the purchase of parts in small series. Small batches require less space and time. Less space and requires less time to people and facilities to do the same job. In addition, small parties easy to inspect and identify gaps quickly. Thus, parties that are bought regularly in small batches with frequent deliveries contribute to improved quality and productivity through lower inventory levels and waste, reducing monitoring costs for parts used, and early detection of defects . In short, JIT approaches have the potential to improve product quality and productivity levels important, but organizations should adopt the principles in a way that meets their own organizational structure, design and processes. OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH This research paper has the following two objectives: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY This research has been conducted by taking SECONDARY DATA from the internet. The research is primarily based on analysis of two popular automobile manufacturers: 1. Maruti Suzuki 2. Ashok Leyland LIMITATION OF THE STUDY The current report is limited to only two companies i.e., Maruti Suzuki and Ashok Leyland. The report represents an analyses based on the data that is available online. The accuracy and reliability of the analysis is completely based on my interpretation and valuation of data. The analysis and study could not be approved by company officials as they refuse to entertain students on such matters. Automobile Industry Of India India has a large automotive sector. The country ranks ninth in Asia and the world 4thin global automotive industry. India has an annual production of approximately 2.3 million units. Today, India is the worlds largest maker of tractors, the second largest motorcycle manufacturer and the fifth largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles. The automobile industry in India has accelerated after deregulation in 1991. The industry continued to grow steadily and is increasingly relevant in the global market. In the recent past, India has experienced a resurgence in the automotive sector with its relaxed restrictions on investment policies in the sector. overall economic growth in India has also played an important role in attracting foreign investors to invest in India in the automotive sector in the country. The automobile sector in India has shown great progress in the use of new technologies and be flexible in the wake of the changing business situation. In addition, the g rowth of Indias middle class and greater purchasing power with the support of strong macroeconomic fundamentals have helped to attract leading car manufacturers in India. Several global players, including major automakers Suzuki and Honda have invested heavily in India and was able to exploit the market in India. All these factors and initiatives that the government is an indication that the Indian car industry was becoming a new industry that has unlimited potential for growth and promises to provide valuable return on investment. The automotive sector was not only satisfy the requirements of the market, but was deeply into the international market. COMPANY OVERVIEW: Maruti Suzuki India Limited Maruti Suzuki India Limited, a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation in Japan, is a leading Indian car market for about two decades. Marutis growth driven by the automotive industry in India, in fact, its impact on lifestyle and psyche of an entire generation of Indian middle class, it is widely recognized. Maruti tops customer satisfaction again for the seventh consecutive year, according to JD Power Asia Pacific Index 2006, India Customer Satisfaction (CSI) Study. The company also ranked highest in India Sales Satisfaction Study. TNS Automotive Maruti also ranks first corporate social responsibility. Maruti is also one of the top five car rental companies: Forbes list of the best-known companies in the world November 6 In 2001, Maruti Suzuki India Ltd has become one of the first car companies around the world to receive ISO 9001:2000 certification. AV Belgium assessed the quality systems and practices related to the automotive industry worldwide global auditors Internatio nal Organization for Standardization. Maruti has already implemented more than 6 million cars by 2006, in fact an average of two vehicles from the factory to roll every minute. In March 2007, Maruti crossed cumulative total exports of 450,000 vehicles since its first exports in 1986. Vehicles for export and manufactured in the same production facilities. Ashok Leyland Ashok Leyland Motor began assembling commercial involvement vehicles.With British Leyland in the capital, in 1954, the Company has been renamed as Ashok Leyland. Since then Ashok Leyland has been a significant presence in the Indian industry of commercial vehicles. These years were marked by a series of technological innovations that became industry standards. This tradition of technological leadership have been made through comparisons with international technology leaders and through vigorous R D. Ashok Leyland vehicles have built a reputation for reliability and susceptibility to interference. 375 000 vehicles, we have placed additional pressure on the common road of independent India. The share of road freight transport increased from 12% in 1950 to 60% in 1995. In the carriage of passengers, the jump is equally dramatic: from 25% to 80%. At 60 million passengers a day, Ashok Leyland buses carry more passengers than the entire Indian railway network. In populous metros i n India, four of the five-state transport company (STU) buses come from Ashok Leyland. Some of them like the double-decker bus and hallways are unique Ashok Leyland, tailor-made for high-density routes. In 1987, the exploitation by foreign LRLIH (Land Rover Leyland International Holdings Limited) was incorporated as a joint venture between the Hinduja Group, the Non-Resident Indian transnational group and Iveco Fiat SpA, part of Fiat Group and the manufacturer Trucks Europe leading. Global Standards, Global Markets prepared the blue print for the future reflects the Companys global ambitions, captured in four words: Global standards, global markets (liberalization and globalization still air). Encouraged by the support of two global giants, Ashok Leyland launched a significant product and process technology Upgradation the world-class standards of technology. On the way to global quality standards, Ashok Leyland reached a milestone in 1993 when he became the first in the automoti ve industry in India to win ISO 9002 certification. The most comprehensive ISO 9001 certification came in 1994. 1994 was also the year that global technology has changed the way India perceived trucks. The year of a new world-class race truck a superior technology and environmentally friendly to roll on road in India. Our factory of state-of the-art House, near Bangalore. They were called Cargo. Loading brought a new set of values ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹and a basket of unmatched performance, paving the way for a change. JUST IN TIME AT ASHOK LEYLAND Ashok Leyland, one of the largest private companies in the country, had sales of about Rs 6,000 crore in 2005-06. Ashok Leyland is part of the Hinduja Group. It is also one of the largest automakers and auto component companies in India. The company offers a range of world-class trucks, buses, special application vehicles and engines, the passage of millions of people in over 40 countries worldwide. During 2005-06, the company produced a total of 65 085 vehicles, of which it exported 4,879 units. Domestically, the company has sold a total of 56 776 units. Oscar incoming The project SCM provider partnership comprises the supply base rationalization, tiered suppliers and cluster information, the optimization of inventories through JIT and LCL, total cost management, logistics initiatives, and -sourcing and global supply. The proceeds from the Oscar entry Provider partnership includes technical support and engineering, the global market, the worldwide availability of spare p arts, testing capabilities, improved performance on the field, a provider of systems, JIT deliveries and world class technology . the profits of the partnership are Level I, vendor consolidation, continuous technological upgradation of products without any inward investment, shorter development lead time, value engineering and cost reduction, improved performance on the field, the effectiveness of JIT inventory supplies and human power to rationalize. Vendor base rationalisation Gains from price reductions include the amount, to improve the quality and reliability of the seller to improve the framework for continuous improvement, multi-layered system to facilitate the purchase, installation and reduce paperwork Supplier tierisation accompanying economies of scale, purchasing a system to rationalize the supplier base material to a cluster of compliance with the 5S-error-checking, process improvement, resulting in self Inventory levels have decreased from 23 to 18 days . Total cost management includes a number of cost management initiatives, such as management, process management, design, technology and capabilities. The total savings were 3% of total operating costs. Logistics initiative included the rationalization of transport based, drawn from Kanban satellite stores, improving truck turn around, load, mode and route optimization for the benefit of the logistics process that led Ted to save the company more than Rs1.25 crore a year. JUST IN TIME AT MARUTI SUZUKI The Company has adopted the Japanese system, JIT to achieve greater operational efficiency and reduce inventory carrying costs. JIT improves return on investment in a business by reducing in-process inventory and transportation costs. To ensure the supply of raw JIT, the company gives preference to local vendors and suppliers to promote the function of the distance to establish the base near Maruti Suzuki `s facilities. Over 76% of 246 company suppliers are within 100 km radius. providers are strategically located in major components such as instrument panels, fuel tanks, bumpers, seats adjacent to the manufacturing facilities of the companys supplier park. JIT has evolved over the past 25 years, the companys monthly time of daily programs of parts orders and, finally, in 2003, and system-Nagare, which means the delivery systems for planning time, a practice that helps maintain a list of less than two hours in some parts of society. The e-Nagare successfully run the busine ss today and helps to maintain the population of the right material at the right time, right place and the exact amount, without the safety net of excess inventory, reducing inventory levels, cost of ownership . Maruti Suzuki driven by manufacturing excellence principles to reduce waste, inconvenience and inconsistency drank parent SMC, Japan. Maruti Suzuki, using best practices such as Just in Time (JIT), Kaizen (continuous improvement), Quick Quick, and Poka Yoke (fail-safe feature). The best practices are replicated in business processes and business partners to make its operations lean and free of blemishes. The company is actually connected via resellers Dealer Management System (DMS), the interaction dealer and annual reviews that will help retailers to cost savings and customer convenience. Storage levels are maintained to reduce the burden of holding inventory. higher inventory levels are adjusted as necessary for financial viability. The result is a multiplicity of efficiency in the value chain. LIMITATIONS OF INTERFIRM PRODUCTION Culture Differences: Organizational cultures differ from company to company. There are cultures that bind to JIT success in international business, but it is difficult for an organization to change its culture few . Time frame : The production is highly dependent on suppliers and if the unit is not delivered on time, the entire production schedule may be delayed. Crunch on delivery : Today, many Tier1, Tier2 and Tier 3 suppliers are struggling financially to meet their customer demands for lower cost, better quality and results of the time. Loss of team autonomy: This is the result of lower buffer stocks that result in less flexibility for employees to solve the problem individually. Loss of method autonomy: This means that workers must act in a way, when problems occur, it is not possible for them to have their own method to solve a problem. Responsive method : It is not the final product available to order spare unexpected, because all the product is manufactured to meet actual orders JIT, however, is highly responsive method of production. Some Important Features of JIT Based Quality Management This section describes some unique features of this concept, which plays a crucial role to achieve its goal of continuously improving quality, eliminating waste and reducing costs. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ One of the most remarkable features of JIT is that it produces a large number of proposals that employee participation in continuous improvement. Management works hard to implement these proposals. A number of proposals considered as an important criterion to assess the performance of the employee. This conclusion recognizes employee efforts to improve quality. quality circles in accordance with a proposal for a group focused on improving the system. In a nutshell, the JIT system requires an effective proposal for the production operations of employees. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ JIT emphasizes awareness and provide clues to identify problems. When a problem is detected, it must be resolved. So, this concept requires training with a variety of tools for proble m-solving. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Improve the success of any problem is solved. To consolidate a new level, the improvement is standardized. Thus JIT also requires the standardization of methods and procedures. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Often, the heterogeneous composition of the workforce and the negative relationship between the labor market, it is difficult to introduce changes to improve productivity and quality. Therefore, strong motivation, employee involvement and an open corporate culture is crucial for the effective implementation of JIT. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ JIT requires experience working with concrete data. Put more emphasis on the use and analysis of statistical data for quality control and troubleshooting. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Due to construction workers in many different machines at the same time, this system leads to a significant expansion of responsibilities of workers and skills. Therefore, effective training progr ams are the main requirements of JIT to develop multiple skills among workers. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ JIT is to encourage suppliers to make a commitment to provide excellent quality products. In order to fulfill this commitment, lasting quality software is essential to the operations of the supplier in constant communication between the buyer and supplier. Implications for Indian industries Indian manufacturing sector is one of the largest industries in the world that has never been implemented by governments and potential protectionist bureaucracy. Thus, Indian goods are now classified competitiveness fund sector effectiveness, personnel management, product quality and productivity of workers, 15 In these circumstances, the urgent need to implement JIT practices in India. But in some states in India to regulate the relations between business, labor, suppliers and financial institutions. These relationships have a major impact on the fact that the team can be deployed in India present economic, cultural and social system, attitudes and trends. With the implementation of a JIT Indian industry a huge savings to be produced and the productivity of the new ethics may arise, which can help to strengthen the Indian economy. In addition, JIT practices can help Indian firms become more competitive by improving its exports in the global market. But we find that social, cult ural and political have a significant impact on JIT practices in different parts of the world. In India, suppliers of various raw materials (domestic and imported) are under government control through supply agencies, resulting in considerable uncertainty. The government controls the prices of key resources, and tax rates, to create obstacles to applying the JIT 16 Some of the reasons for the slow implementation of JIT are listed below. In addition, the workforce in India is generally ignorant, lack of motivation and more concerned about the monetary benefits and job security as the development of the carrier and develop their potential. Trade unions and their resistance is also promoted the implementation team. Therefore, the specific cultural changes necessary to successfully implement JIT. Education can play a crucial role in this direction. On this issue, some researchers have argued that the Japanese models are very successful in India. Therefore, some training programs with deadlines, should be organized in the Indian work force, after a careful examination of their behaviour, personal characteristics, attitudes and social values. Reasons for Slow Implementation of Just-in-Time (JIT) in Indian Context. 1. High cost of implementation 2. Informal and casual quality auditing 3. Lack of Communication at various levels 4. Lack of customer awareness about product quality 5. Lack of support from R D department 6. Lack of teamwork 7. Lack of top management participation in QC Programs 8. Lack of training 9. Lack of understanding about JIT Techniques 10. Negative attitude, traits beliefs of Indian work force 11. Poor and inadequate maintenance 12. Shortage of multifunctional workers 13. Traditional methods of quality control Conclusions Based on JIT quality management to make dramatic improvements in cost and quality through optimum utilization of human resources with emphasis on simplicity, elimination of waste and continuous improvement. This could be a great opportunity for Indian industry because of its relatively low investment requirements and compatibility for small businesses. This approach exploits the full capacity of workers and allows them to systematic analysis of the root causes of quality problems by making small sustainable changes in organizational arrangements. It allows workers to become involved in decision making through the trust and responsibility in their hands. Several Indian industry is leading the joint investigation team with the belief that it would be useful to counter global competition. But the effectiveness depends on the qualities, attitudes and values ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹of Indian labor. Ultimately, it is hoped that the I ndian industry to be able to undertake the necessary changes to existing production systems for JIT Quality Management to get the maximum benefit.

Behavioural Studies Free Essays

Self-Presentation, also known as Impression Management (IM) is primarily a goal-directed conscious or unconscious attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event by regulating and controlling information in social interaction. If a person tries to influence the perception of his image, this activity is called self-presentation. With regard to the self-monitoring, it is the extent to which people monitor and control their expressive behavior and self-presentation. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioural Studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now High self-monitors exert more expressive control over their social behavior and tend to adapt their appearance and acts to specific circumstances. The situation is different with low self-monitors, who display less motivation towards improving their self-presentation. They act more naturally and are least bothered about their public image. This essay has been designed to establish a relationship between the self-presentation and self-monitoring. In the beginning both the concepts will be explained followed by an analysis of the relationship between them. What is Self-Presentation Self-presentation, also known as impression management is the process by which people attempt to manage or control the perception others form of them. There is often a tendency for people to try to present themselves so as to impress others in a socially desirable way. The theory of impression management states that any individual or organization must establish and maintain impressions that are congruent with the perceptions they want to convey to their publics. The impression management theory describes the methods through which people take actions to a create a public perception, in order to achieve their personal or organizational goals (â€Å"Impression Management† 2006, pars. 1-5). As with other cognitive processes, impression management has many possible conceptual dimensions (Dunegan 1993, pp. 491) and has been researched in relation to aggression, attitude change, attributions, social facilitation, and leadership. It is basically an intentional or un-intentional goal-directed approach to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event by regulating and controlling information in social interaction. In short, we can say that if a person tries to influence the perception of his/her image, the activity is called self-presentation. What is Self-Monitoring In any scenario, people are generally motivated to behave appropriately and in a manner which is appealing to others. The theory of self-monitoring explains the extent to which people value, create, cultivate, and project social images and public appearance (Gangestad Snyder, 2000, p. 531). The level of control which the people apply is different from a person to person. Some people may not care much about the perception others make of them. They say what they believe. These people are included in the category of low self-monitors. On the other hand, high self-monitors, are likely to avoid talking about themselves as they really are, and use pretense and deception in their efforts to play to the crowd (Buss and Brigg 1984, p. 1310). In general, self-monitoring involves three major tendencies: †¢ The willingness to be the center of attention — a tendency to behave in outgoing, extraverted ways. †¢ Sensitivity to the reactions of others. †¢ Ability and willingness to adjust behavior to induce positive reactions in others. High and Low Self-Monitors As states earlier, some people are more sensitive to the image they form when in public. Such people are very self-conscious and like to ‘look good’ and will hence usually adapt well to differing social situations. These people are called the high self-monitors. The high self-monitors would observe people and note their response to different behaviors of other people. On the other hand, there are people are less concerned about what others think about them. They are termed as low self-monitors. Low self-monitors do not make any effort to exercise control over their expressive behavior. High and low self-monitors possess different qualities. They regulate their behaviour in public in different ways. High self-monitors would generally adjust their social behaviours according to situational cues, whereas low self-monitors regulate their social behaviours according to their dispositions. Low self-monitors usually conform their behavior to their internal beliefs. Another major difference between high and low self-monitors is that the low self-monitors would choose friends based upon their liking whereas, the selection criteria for friends is different in high self-monitors. The high self-monitors choose friends as activity partners for their leisure time based on the friends’ skill in the specific activity. Moreover, high self-monitors will be more concerned about the partner’s physical appearance than the personality (Snyder, Berscheid, Glick, 1985). Relationship Between Self-Presentation and Self-Monitoring Self-presentation and self-monitoring are inter-related terms. In simple words, self-presentation is the way one presents himself/herself and self-monitoring is the level of control exerted during the process of self-presentation. Accordingly, high and low self-monitors will have different degree of self-presentation. High self-monitors are more adoptable and would adjust their behaviors across situations because they are more sensitive to the expectation of others. Their style of self-presentation would generally be more appropriate and suiting to every scenario they confront (Snyder, 1974, p. 527). They would always ask themselves as to what does this situation want them to be (Snyder, 1987, p. 32). They will constantly observe before exposing themselves. They will not express their emotions unless they are sure of their appropriateness. The high self-monitors will exhibit relatively low behavioral consistency across situations. They would tend to make a different image or face which is superficial, but will be corresponding to the situation. On the other hand, low self-monitors would present themselves as natural as they are and will seldom make any conscious effort to conceal their inner sentiments. Their behavior will usually be consistent across situations. The low self-monitors’ expressive self-presentation will be articulated by their inner attitudes, dispositions, and values. Low self-monitors are not concerned about the â€Å"appropriateness of their self-presentation† (Snyder, 1974. p. 527). Another important aspect of the relationship between self-presentation and low self-monitors is that they are often described as individuals who lack self-presentation concerns. They will not make much effort in adjusting their behaviour in accordance with situational demands. Their self-presentation will be natural and least concerned with the expectations of others. On the contrary, high self-monitors would make all concerted efforts in controlling their behavioural patterns which are conflicting with the situations. They are the ones whose self-presenting will be much applauded and their personalities will usually be graded as sober and acceptable. In one experiment, Snyder (1974) found that professional stage actors scored higher than non-actors on measures of self-monitoring. Professional actors genuinely possess acting ability and control over their emotions, expression, and behaviour. They were able to adapt to changing situations adequately. Their self-presentation was therefore much more stable and suiting the environment. In another experiment on ordinary college students, high self-monitors were found to be better than the low self-monitors in expressing different emotions like anger, happiness, sadness, surprise, disgust, fear, and guilt. High self-monitors can even adapt to sudden changing moods. When high self-monitors were asked to act like an extraverted, friendly, and outgoing person and then suddenly to act like an introverted, withdrawn, and reserved person, high self-monitors adopted each role better than low self-monitors did (Lippa, 1976). Conclusion Self-presentation is how we tend to present ourselves. It is how we want people to look at us. The art of exercising control over our emotions, behaviour, and moods is basically the self-monitoring. Self-monitoring refers to a person’s ability to adjust his or her behaviour to external situational factors. Individuals high in self-monitoring show considerable adaptability in their behaviour. They can behave differently in varying situations. They are found to be much capable of presenting striking contradictions between the public persona and the private self. On the other hand, it becomes difficult for low self-monitors to disguise themselves this way (â€Å"Self-Monitoring Scale,† 2006). In nut shell, high self-monitors are more concerned about self-presentation than the low self-monitors. Bibliography Buss, A. H. , Briggs, S. R. (1984). Drama and the self in social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1310-1324. Dunegan, K. J. (1993, June). Framing Cognitive Modes, and Image Theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, pp. 491. Gangestad, S. W. , M. Snyder (2000). Self-monitoring: Appraisal and Reappraisal. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 530-555. â€Å"Impression Management,† (2006). Wikipedia, viewed 30 August 2006, http://www. answers. com/self-presentation Lippa, R. (1976). Expressive control, expressive consistency, and the correspondence between expressive behavior and personality. Journal of Personality, 44, 541-559. â€Å"Self-Monitoring Scale. † (2006). Viewed 30 August 2006, http://pubpages. unh. edu/~ckb/SELFMON2. html Snyder, M. (1974). Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 434-461. Snyder, M. (1987). Public appearances/private realities: The psychology of self-monitoring. New York, Freeman. Snyder, M. , Berscheid, E. , Glick, P. (1985). Focusing on the exterior and the interior: Two investigations of the initiation of personal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48 , 1427-1439. How to cite Behavioural Studies, Papers

Dead Man’s Bones Dead Man’s Bones free essay sample

Mention Hollywood heartthrob Ryan Gosling, and the grungy, bearded guy in â€Å"The Notebook† comes to mind. Most dont picture him at an indie rock music festival with his best friend, Zach Shields, and a bunch of kids dressed in Halloween costumes, and definitely not playing in an indie rock band. Zach and Ryan met in 2005 when they were dating sisters. They discovered a mutual obsession with ghosts, zombies, and monsters, and decided to write love songs about them. Their first album, self-titled â€Å"Dead Mans Bones,† was released in 2009, and they collaborated with the Silverlake Conservatory of Music Childrens Choir. They chose to play all the instruments on the album, including those they had never touched, and never did more than three takes, believing that imperfections highlighted the strengths of the music. My initial thoughts were What the †¦? and This is the creepiest thing Ive ever heard. But after I got over these feelings, this album started to grow on me. We will write a custom essay sample on Dead Man’s Bones: Dead Man’s Bones or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The songs provided a feeling of comfort through the trance-like voices of the men and the choir of children. Each song has its own feel. Some are catchy and humorous while others are resonant and serious. Ill start with the first creepy song, â€Å"Dead Hearts.† It begins eerily, with something that sounds like a heartbeat and rhythmic guitar. At the climax, glass shatters in time with the music, then it slows and you hear footsteps and scraping noises. I would probably get scared if I listened to this alone. The title track is my favorite because of its upbeat rhythm. The beginning is similar to jazz music. When the chorus comes in, a tambourine and piano join as well. The lyrics explain that no matter where you are, chances are youre standing on a dead mans bones. â€Å"Pa Pa Power† is one of the better-known tracks. It begins with a techno beat and tambourine, drums, and synthesizer. Then a man and the choir of children alternate singing â€Å"Pa pa power pa pa power.† Lyrics like â€Å"Burn the streets, burn the cars† and â€Å"Broken glass, broken hearts† seem to be about the destruction power can cause. â€Å"Dead Mans Bones† was definitely not what I expected, but turned out to be a lot less creepy than I first thought. This album is worth the listeners time, and Id recommend it to any fan of alternative or indie music. Its a combination of creepy, upbeat songs and background music from a zombie movie, and its perfect for any fan with an open mind.

Julius Caesar Desire for Power

Pharmacogenomics essays

Pharmacogenomics essays Pharmacogenomics in the Future of Health Care Practice Abstract: Pharmacogenomics is an up and coming technology that encompasses the areas of health care, science, drug therapy and genetics. Pharmacogenomics research examines gene expression, and how drugs can be best suited to work with an individuals DNA sequence. Some drug therapies have already been developed by means of this research, but the effect of the use of pharmacogenomics in health care is slow to be seen. All health care professionals will be affected when the advancements of pharmacogenomics are in widespread use, and need to be prepared for its introduction. There are distinct sides to the controversial issue of pharmacogenomics in our society, and all individuals involved should be aware of the aspects of this new technology. Pharmacogenomics in the Future of Health Care The study of genetics has brought about a new way of thinking to the world of science. But the field of science is not the only area affected by the advancements in genetics; it affects every aspect of humanity. The use of genetics lies in a gray area, where right and wrong is not easily decided. Separate communities of thinkers debate whether the use of genetics in science and technology are beneficial or harmful to society. The introduction of genetics into the health care field forces society to decide what is ethical in the use of these findings. The field of pharmacology is no exception to this. The fusion of pharmacology and genomics, pharmacogenomics (Human Genome Program, n.d.), pioneers scientific advancements in drug therapy and also presents society with considerations to make regarding the ethicality of their use. Pharmacogenomics studies behavioral aspects of genetic information. According to the International Society of Pharmacogenomics (ISP) website, pharmacogenomics involves a larger area of genetics, searching for genetic variations, including DNA polymorphisms or gene...

ECONOMICS OF THE UAE Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

ECONOMICS OF THE UAE - Case Study Example Fossil fuels (oil, coal and gas) will remain the most supplied form of energy used throughout the globe. Hence this sector is an important source of economic growth for the gulf region. The structure of labour force also plays an important role in the economic development of any country. The structure of the UAE labour force has been studied in this paper and the pattern of expenditure of their income is investigated to assess the effect of labour force on the GCC economy. This paper analyses six articles on this issue and evaluates the findings to assess the process of economic growth of the GCC region. 1. The development and principal features of an oil economy The article by Issac John, titled, â€Å"Dubai government owned e-commerce website to expand in Gulf† published in Khaleej Times on 20 February 2013, explains this phenomenon. In 2011 GCC had a nominal GDP of US$1.4trilion (QNB, 2013). The economy of the GCC region is based on the oil reserves of the region and till p resent times it is known to have the largest reserves of crude oil in the whole world (approximately 486.8 billion barrels) (Gulfbase, 2013). While the OPEC countries together accounts for 70% of the total known crude oil reserves of the world, the GCC alone represent 35.7% of the total reserve. This region holds the topmost rank in producing and exporting petroleum in the world thereby generally assuming a primary role in the global economy, particularly in the OPEC. The GCC economy has increased in size almost three times in the period between 2002 and 2008. This shows that the seven countries in the GCC region (Ajman, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Al Fujayrah, Sharjah, Ras al Khaymah and Umm al Qaywayn) have reflected spectacular economic growth till mid 2008 (EIA, 2013). GCC countries account for 52% of the total OPEC oil reserves and 49% of the total OPEC crude oil production. The region is continuing its economic reform program, focusing on attracting domestic, regional and foreign privat e sector investment into oil & gas, power generation, telecommunications, and real-estate sectors. However, the slouch in the financial condition around the globe has brought about a slowdown in the economic status of the world which has slowed down the rate of investment in different development projects in this region. However, with the recent efforts made by all countries towards economic recovery is creating a quick rebound in the economic activities in the region (Gulfbase, 2013). According to analysts the combination of sluggish rise in global oil demand and rising market penetration by the non-OPEC countries might have a dampening effect on oil prices thereby limiting profits for the GCC countries in the near future. According to data published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) in June 2010 the quota compliance of UAE with the member countries of OPEC was re-adjusted (Kumar, 2010). Average export price of oil is estimated to rise marginally therefore declining in real terms. Export volumes would expand only by 1% annually till end of the decade. In the progression, contribution from the GCC countries would sum up to half of the total OPEC output and the â€Å"OPEC output as a share of global demand for oil is expected to decline from about 40 percent in 1995 to 37 percent by the end of the decade†

Week 4 Discussion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Week 4 Discussion - Coursework Example Clear accountability and responsibility of members of the team; all team members should have an apparent understanding of their roles in the project (Kerzner, 2013). There should also be frequent monitoring as well as measurement of milestones, time, equipment and people schedules. Correctly done schedule control as well gives the primary hint that initial planning might not be going as per the schedule. The initial step is to identify as well as engage with the main stakeholders. Have talks, an official stakeholder consultation or a problem definition seminar, but it is important to begin the hunt for extra data on the business need. Secondly, after gaining a grasp on what the business need entails, begin to translate and construe that need into a structured problem or explanation of the scope. More importantly at this phase is to write down the business need into an understandable language (Kerzner, 2013). Thirdly, after clarifying and agreeing on what the existing business need is, the process of brainstorming ideas of how the need can be addressed begins. Another very crucial part of this task on any project is to deal with the change of business needs right from the beginning of any business project. Building firm relationship with stakeholders is the final phase. Lack of good relationships amid the business stakeholders and the project team stakeholders, as well as the supporting technical members, can make the project fail. b. Obstacles and how to overcome Communication and Language: The prioritization and precise nature of needs usually differ with a projects stakeholders. Diverse interpretations are usually discovered very late in the development cycle, when alterations entail a lot of effort and cost. Creating a prototype all through requirements gathering can assist to settle any disparity in understanding. Overbooked

The Amelogenesis Imperfecta Health And Social Care Essay

The Amelogenesis Imperfecta Health And Social Care Essay Your sister has noticed that the teeth of her young son are discoloured and has taken him to the dentist. After a series of tests, the condition of X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta is diagnosed. She asks you, a dental student, to explain the reason for this condition. Particularly, she would like to understand why, in this condition, the enamel is malformed, how the enamel differs from normal and the reason her son, but not her, or her husband is affected. Learning outcomes 1. To explain and understand normal enamel formation. 2. To identify the different types of AI and their presentation. 3. To describe the genetic code and various types of genetic mutations that can be found. 4. To understand and describe the phrases; autosomal dominant inheritance, autosomal recessive inheritance and X-linked recessive inheritance. 5. To identify the genes associated with AI. Introduction Amelogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary disorder that affects tooth development and results in the abnormal formation of tooth enamel. In the above scenario our nephew has been diagnosed with X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta. Below I will explore the proposed learning outcomes and take a closer look at the inherited disease. Explain and understand normal enamel formation. The teeth are composed of three mineralised tissues; enamel, dentine and cementum, which surround the inner unmineralised dental pulp. [1] The dental pulp is the only living part of the tooth and is made up of connective tissue, odontoblasts and nerves. It supplies the outer mineralised layers with a supply of organic compounds and the odontoblasts help with the creation and repair old dentin. The nerves inside the pulp are also very sensitive and alert an individual of any injury or trauma that may occur. If the pulp is exposed to bacteria, infections are likely. [2] [3]http://www.dentalhealth.ie/common/images/legacy/dhp/pic_stuctureoftooth.gif Cementum can be found below the gum line covering the dentin and root of the tooth. It helps to anchor the tooth and protect the root. It is continuously formed through life by cementoblasts in the dental pulp as it prone to destruction. [4] [6] FIG.1 Basic tooth structureDentine is made up of tiny tubules and is the most abundant of the three mineralised tissues. It acts as support beneath the enamel covering and has a protective function to the dental pulp. Dental pulp, cementum and dentine are all derived from the mesencymal origin. [5] [7] FIG.2 Enamel structure The head is orientated superficially and the tail towards the tooth root http://www.kck.usm.my/ppsg/histology/e_2_0.jpg Lastly enamel which is derived from the ectoderm is made up of primarily crystalline calcium phosphate and is the outermost component of the tooth and covers the dental crown. The calcium hydroxyapatite enamel crystals are arranged as keyhole shaped rods that span the full thickness of the enamel layer (see fig.2). The enamel crystals have a parallel orientation and any gaps between the rods are filled with further crystals. Enamel is the hardest most mineralised structure found in the human body. [4] [8] Enamel is formed by the process of amelogenesis after dentine is formed in the process of dentinogenesis. There are four main stages to amelogenesis; Presecretory, secretory, maturation and post maturation. [1] [9] FIG.3 Basic tooth structureThe presecretory stage starts with proliferation of the oral epithelium to form the dental lamina, further proliferation with occur at the site of each future tooth and there will be an outgrowth of cells; this is called the bud stage. This bud of cells then enlarges and develops a cavity in the cap stage and further growth and development will lead to the development of four recognisable layers in the bell stage. Finally the internal enamel epithelium will cease to divide and the dental lamina will degenerate leaving being the early developing tooth. [1] In the secretory stage a partially mineralised enamel matrix is deposited directly on the surface of the previously formed dentin by adjacent secretory stage ameloblasts. [1] The organic partially mineralised matrix is produced as a result of the combined actions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and secretory granules. The ameloblasts will move away when the first layer of enamel is deposited on the dentine allowing the Tomess process to develop at the secretory pole of each ameloblasts. The Tomess process is responsible for the formation of enamel rods as it lays down the crystals of the enamel matrix. The ameloblasts lie adjacent to the stratum intermedium which contains alkaline phosphotase which is responsible for calcification of the tooth enamel. These ameloblasts continue to produce the enamel matrix until full thickness is reached. [4] Maturation of the partially mineralised enamel matrix involves the removal of organic material and the continuous influx of calcium and phosphate. [4] Maturation stage ameloblasts differentiate from secretory stage ameloblasts and they now contain high numbers of mitochondria to carry out their function as a transport epithelium moving substances into and out of the maturing enamel. The maturing enamel matrix contains four main types of protein; amelogenins, ameloblastins, enamelins and tuftelins. The amelogenins are important in maintaining the spaces between the enamel rods and the ameloblasts control the elongation of the enamel crystals, both of these proteins are removed from the mature enamel. Enamelins undergo cleavage as the enamel matures and will only be found on the surface of the crystals.Tuftelins are present in mature enamel and responsible for hypomineralisation. [1] [4] In the final stage of post maturation the enamel organ will degenerate and the tooth will erupt and become exposed to the oral environment. [1][4] Identify the different types of AI and their presentation. Amelogenesis imperfecta is a group of hereditary disease that affects both the primary and secondary dentition. It results in the enamel becoming hypoplastic, hypomineralised, discoloured and sensitive. [10] There are four main types of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) that have been identified because of their differences in enamel defects that present in patients. In Hypoplastic AI (type1) the enamel is of normal colour but much thinner as the enamel has not formed to normal thickness, the enamel can also have pits and grooves due to the disturbance in differentiation of ameloblastins. In hypomaturation(type 2) AI the teeth are of normal shape but have a mottled, dark, opaque appearance and chip away easily from the underlying dentine because of a change to the rod structure. Hypocalcified AI (type 3) has poor enamel mineralisation and a defect in its matrix structure making it very soft and susceptible to abrasion; its appearance is dark and chips easily. [1] [11] (see fig.4).http://www.ojrd.com/content/figures/1750-1172-2-17-1-l.jpg Finally hypoplasia (type 4) AI is a combination of hypoplastic and hypomaturation AI. It is characterised by a reduction in enamel thickness and the enamel has a yellow brown mottled appearance. [13] [12] FIG.4 Phenotypic descriptions of amelogenesis imperfecta. hypoplastic (a, b, c, d), dysmineralised (e, f), hypocalcified (g, h) hypomineralised form (e and f) The hypomaturation forms (g, h) Describe the genetic code and various types of genetic mutations that can be found. [15] FIG.5 Genetic information is encoded in the base sequence of DNA molecules as a series of genes. The genetic code describes how base sequences are interpreted into amino acid sequences during protein synthesis via transcription and translation. [14] http://sjesci.wikispaces.com/file/view/DNA-to-codon.gif/155543209/DNA-to-codon.gif The DNA sequence of a gene is divided into a set of three bases called a codon (see fig.5). Each codon gives rise to a particular amino acid or a stop signal. The genetic code is referred to as degenerate because each amino acid is encoded by more than one codon; there are 64 possible combinations of codons from the 4 nucleotide bases (Adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil or thymine) but only 20 different amino acids. (See fig.6)http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-i-CYqAFf61o/TZXYoBQmXrI/AAAAAAAAB5g/5PmMdfOP1PQ/s1600/genetic-code-1.jpg This degeneracy minimises the possible effects of mutations as alterations to the base sequence are less likely to change the amino acid so changes to the protein structure and function are avoided, this is known as a silent mutation. Protein synthesis always starts with the initiation codon AUG which encodes the amino acid methionine but this is later removed. Protein synthesis is terminated by the any of the three stop codons; UAG, UGA and UAA. [14][16] [17] FIG.6 DNA mutations can however cause genetic disorders and cancers. A gene mutation occurs when there is a change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene; these can be classified as either point mutation which involves the alteration of a single base or gross mutations which often involve the alteration of longer DNA sequences. There are several types of point mutations. Missense mutations occur when a single base is altered or substituted and a different amino acid is produced. Nonsense mutations result in translation ending prematurely because a nucleotide base has been substituted for another resulting in a stop codon and frameshift mutations result after a single base is either deleted or inserted which causes the ribosome to read a new set of codons which will alter the complete amino acid chain produced.(see fig,7) All these changes to the DNA sequence will alter the amino acid chain and subsequently have a serious effect on the protein produced and effect how well it will work or how it will carry out a specific task. Gross mutations have the same implications and also experience insertion and deletion but this is of several bases at a time. [14][18] Figure 4: If the number of bases removed or inserted from a segment of DNA is not a multiple of three (a), a different sequence with a different set of reading frames is transcribed to mRNA (b). [19] FIG.7 Frameshift mutations If the number of bases removed or inserted from a segment of DNA is not a multiple of three (a), a different sequence with a different set of reading frames is transcribed to mRNA (b). Identify the genes associated with AI. Faulty alleles of the genes AMELX, MMP20, KLK-4 and ENAM cause the disease amelogenesis imperfecta. These genes usually provide the genetic instructions for the production of proteins that are essential for the healthy formation of enamel. The mutations of these genes have caused a change in the nucleotide base sequence and as a result the protein structure is altered making them work ineffectively or not at all, in turn this has a variety of effects on the enamel formation. [1] The AMELX gene is located on both of the sex chromosomes, X and Y and provides instructions for the protein amelogenin which is essential for normal tooth development as is separates and supports the hydroxyapatite  crystals as they mature. Mutations in AMELX have been found to cause X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta because of the change in structure to amelogenin. [20] The  ENAM  gene provides instructions for the production of the protein enamelin and mutations of this gene can be found in both patients with autosomal dominant AI and autosomal recessive AI.[21] (see below) MMP20  is responsible for the protein enamelysin mutations in this gene are inherited via the autosomal recessive pathway and KLK-4 mutations are responsible for hypomaturation AI. [22][23] Understand and describe the phrases; autosomal dominant inheritance, autosomal recessive inheritance and X-linked recessive inheritance. Humans have 22 pairs of autosomal homologous pairs of chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes; X and Y. Females have two X chromosomes where as males have one X and one Y chromosome. [18] There are three patterns of single gene disorders that allow faulty alleles (version) to be passed between generations. These include autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked. [14]Autosomal dominant genes [24] FIG.8 Autosomal inheritance In autosomal dominant disorders only one faulty allele needs to be passed from the parents to the offspring for them to be affected by the disease. The affected child will also have one normal allele of the gene making them heterozygous. The affected childrens offspring will also have a 50% chance of inheriting the affected allele. (see fig.8)[14] In autosomal recessive disorders however the likeliness of being affected by the disease is only 25% and both parents must possess at least one of the mutated alleles. (See fig.9)This is because in recessive orders both inherited alleles must be mutants to show an effect in the offspring. There still is a 50% chance of being a carrier (if you have one healthy and one effected allele). [14]http://retinaaustraliansw.com.au/images/AutosomalRecessiveInheritance.gif [26] FIG.9 [26] FIG.10 X-linked inheritance Illustration showing X-linked recessive inheritance pattern with carrier mother In X-linked disorders the faulty allele is present on the X chromosome. As males only have one X chromosome they only need one copy of the allele to have the disease, they are hemizygous. Females however must have two copies of the faulty allele (homozygous) to be affected and so are in most case carriers. A female carrier has a 50% chance of their daughters being carriers and a 50% chance of their sons being affected by the disease. (See fig.10)[18] Amelogenesis imperfecta has different modes of inheritance. Hypoplastic  (Type I) and Hypomaturation (Type II) AI can be inherited by all three modes of the above inheritance patterns. Hypocalcified (Type III) AI is not inherited via the X-linked pathway and Hypoplasia (Type IV) AI is only passed between generations via the autosomal dominant pathway and only one faulty allele has to be passed to the offspring for them to be affected by amelogenesis imperfecta. [13] Conclusion Our nephew has been diagnosed with X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta. Taking in account the above information we can now conclude the reason why he but not his parents are affected by the disease is because our sister must be a carrier of the faulty allele of the gene AMELX. Males are hemizygous so the possibility of the father possesing the faulty allele has been ruled out or he would too be affected by the disease. One can also assume that he is suffering from either hypoplastic AI or hypomaturation AI as the other two types are not inherited via the X-linked pathway. The treatment of amelogenesis imperfecta will depend on the severity of the condition but it is usually to treat the aesthetic symptoms so crowns may be given to hide the displeasing characteristics of the malformed enamel.

Profiles of a Spa Customer Essay

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Business travelers who want to minimize jet lags, mothers who wants to spend time for themselves, persons with back problems seeking for relief, weekend warriors who are sore from overexertion, an obese man who needs help in controlling his weight, or a couple who wants to reconnect, all come to one place to seek help, the spa. Today’s spa is a center for healing and nourishing mind, body, and spirit. People go to spas for fitness, stress management, peace of mind, pampering and pleasure, and health and wellness. Spas are everywhere. According to the International Spa Association (ISPA), the number of spas in the United States grew at an annual rate of 21% from 1995-1999 and continues to show strong growth. The size of the U. S. spa industry in 2001 was estimated at 9,632 locations; in 2000, that number was 5,689. (Register, 2008). Here in the Philippines, the demand for spa services continues to grow. According to Libarios (2006), as more and more people pine for inner-healing-this and alternative-lifestyle-that, the market for spas and wellness centers has ballooned over recent years. These so-called health-hubs sprouted in the metro like wild mushrooms in the forest—from the most exclusive centers that cater only to society’s well-heeled set down to the modest hole-in-the-wall that offer services at affordable rates. Libarios further adds that even the Department of Tourism (DOT) has sunk its teeth into the trend. Sensing that the demand for spas is not a novelty that would later die a sudden death, it took the initiative to transform the Philippines into the â€Å"sparadise† of Asia. Despite the noticeable dip in the economy, the demand for spas has shown no signs of slowing down. The demand for spa services is driven by personal income and demographic trends. The profitability of individual companies depends on efficient resource use and effective marketing. That is why the profile of spa customers is very essential. This study is intended to determine the profile of spa customers in Bacolod City in order to effectively create an effective feasibility study in putting up a spa business in the future. Statement of the Problem This study tried to determine the profile of spa customers among the selected spa establishments in Bacolod City. Specifically, it tried to satisfy the following questions: . What is the personal profile of spa customers of the selected establishments in Bacolod City in terms of their: a. Gender; b. Marital status; c. Age; d. Employment Status; e. Educational Background; and f. Monthly Income. 2. What is the customers’ prevalence of spa visits in a year? 3. What are the factors that influence their choice of spa to visit? 4. What o ther information may be included in order to support the proposed feasibility study? Operational Framework In this study, the researcher wants to find out the profile of spa customers in the five selected spa establishments in Bacolod City. The personal profile of these spa customers may vary from their gender up to their monthly income. Once their personal profile is established, the next step is to identify the type of spa that they will prefer to avail of once they visit a spa. The researcher is also interested in finding out the influential factors that controls their choice of spa treatments. And finally, the researcher would further sought to find out the necessary information that may be gathered that he deemed were necessary in order to support his proposed feasibility study on the establishment of spa business in Bacolod City. Figure 1 presents the schematic diagram of the operational framework. Figure 1 Schematic Diagram of the Operational Framework Significance of the Study The study is deemed beneficial in the following manner: This study will provide necessary background for future spa entrepreneurs in putting up their own spa establishments. The profile of the customers may also help identify consistency, and repeat purchase and filter posers versus the people who will really come back for not only a 2nd and 3rd massage therapy, but to identify dependable, consistent, steady and reliable customers. The additional information that will be gathered from this study may help ease the possibility that future spa businesses in the city may not suffer the same fate as those business establishments who closed shop early. This study may be replicated by other researchers who are envisioning operating other spa business outside of the city, but on a much wider scope, which may involve other variables not covered in this study. Scope and Limitations of the Study This study was only concerned in finding out the profile of the 5 selected spa establishments in Bacolod City. The respondents of the study were limited only to the customers of the selected spa establishments. The personal profile of the spa customer only covered their age, gender, marital status, educational background, employment status, and monthly income. In the process of conducting this research, the following constraints were identified, namely: the non-participation of some identified respondents in the data gathering and the non-availability of some important respondents during the data gathering. Definition of Terms The following terms were defined operationally for better understanding. Age. This refers to the stage of the life of the spa customers grouped in 6 categories ranging from 18 years and below to over 65 years. Gender. This refers to the sexual characteristics of the spa customers classified as male and female. Educational Background. This refers to highest level of education attained by the spa customers grouped in 4 categories namely: did not complete high school, completed high school, university/college degree holder, and post graduate degree holder. Employment Status. This refers to employment condition of the spa customers grouped in 4 categories: employed full-time, employed part-time, unemployed, and retired. Marital Status. This refers to civil condition of the spa customers grouped in 3 categories namely: single, married, and couple/in a relationship. Monthly Income. This refers to monthly net earnings of the spa customers classified into 6 groups ranging from below Php 20,000. 00 to over Php 20,000. 00. Profile. This refers to personal description of the customers of the selected spa establishments in Bacolod City. Spa Establishments. This refers to five selected spa businesses in Bacolod City such as the Bacolod Spa, Grand Royal Spa, Body and Sole, and Quintessence Spa. Swedish Massage. A kind of massage offered in most spa businesses in Bacolod City. It is a system of therapeutic massage and exercise for the muscles and joints, developed in Sweden in the 19th Century. Shiatsu Massage. A kind of massage offered in spa businesses in Bacolod City. It is a traditional hands-on therapy originating in Japan. Spa. A place of treatment, or is associated with water treatment, which is also known as balneotherapy. Facial. A facial is involving a variety of skin treatments, including: steam, exfoliation, extraction, creams, lotions, masks, peels, and massage. Normally performed in a beauty salon but it is also a common spa treatment. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Related Literature According to the Spa Signature (2008) website, the word and concept of spa actually originates from the time of the Roman Empire when battle weary legionnaires tried to find a way to recover from their military wounds and ailments. They sought out hot wells and then built baths so that they could heal their aching bodies; calling these places ‘aquae’ and naming the bathing treatments undertaken there † Sanus Per Aquam† (SPA) which means health by or through water. During this period, the town Spa in Belgium was founded for this purpose, rising to fame in the 14th century and still existing today. Having originated from this time, the culture of Spa developed in different ways throughout Europe, from the ongoing use of mineral water, through to using sea water and marine substances (Thalassotherapy) and a wide range of body and other therapies. Yet even today, the concept of health or healing forms the basis of the spa culture worldwide and hydrotherapy is seen as its defining feature. A spa differs from all other beauty businesses principally through the implied promise that the total experience of being there–everything from the initial greeting to checkout–will be exceptionally serene. The spa is a respite from the pressure and rigors of routine life, a genuine escape, and customers can and do expect almost flawless treatment and care ( Preston, 2008) The Spa Book: The Official Guide to Spa Therapy). According to SpaBoom. com, website, spas are booming due to a surge in stress. The International Spa Association (ISA) says this shows that people feel they should reward themselves for working hard. It is expected that specialized spa services that help people quit smoking, lose weight and treat depression will be a big growth market. In the U. S. , 40 percent of spa customers are men, and spas just for men are emerging in many corners of the nation (English. Chosun, 2007). These days spas come a dime a dozen, and massage parlors are as prolific as muscle aches. If before getting a spa treatment was a luxury only few could afford, the times have changed to adapt to the indulgent desires of an evolving status quo. Today spa treatments come in a range of prices, the spas themselves catering to particular markets. There is bound to be one in your neighborhood, just as likely as there is one off-shore in some fancy beach resort. Student prices now apply to the service of Swedish or Shiatsu, and body scrubs can either polish your resources and leave you dry, or keep you satiated without stripping you clean of your budget. The key is finding the right pressure points without pressuring you with the prices. Because at the end of the day, regardless if you’re rich or poor, everyone could do with a little rest and relaxation (Yu, 2009) www. discoverspas. com/book_store/books. shtml). Get the Best from a Spa According to eHow fashion website (n. d), in order to get the best from a spa, a series of steps must be conducted of which the first is to look at the spa facilities – ideally, the spa must be clean and is up to date with the latest technology. The next step is to pick a spa that has a relaxing atmosphere – an ideal spa must have soft lighting and plays relaxing music. The next thing to do is to get the best package since most spas will offer package deals to their clients. The fourth step is to ask for experienced therapist and talked to them during the session. And finally, relax during the treatment since your body will respond much better if you relax your muscles. How to Enjoy Spa Experience According to Ritajo (n. d), so as to enjoy a spa experience, the following procedures must be followed: first, research the type of spa you are interested in visiting; then, decide what treatments you want to experience; third, plan to take advantage of all that the spa facility offers; next, arrive early (at least 30 minutes) before your first treatment; and finally, enjoy the treatment and ask questions if you need to about what is being done. Related Studies In a 1997 spa-goer market study conducted by Health Fitness Dynamics (HFD) Inc. , clearly indicated women become less stressed as they age and that each age group seeks different results from a spa. Female spa-goers comprised 74% of the 2,332 spa-goers who used a spa while staying at a resort, an increase of 5% since HFD’s landmark 1992 study of the spa-goer. This study further revealed the following account: 59% of the women under 30 years of age go to a spa at a resort when they are stressed; 34% of women over 60 visit spas to exercise and get fit; 48% of the younger women go to a spa at a resort when they feel like splurging. Here is what the study found women want from their resort-based spa experience: Women younger than 40 feel higher stress so they want to exercise and be pampered; In the 40-49 age group, a slight shift occurs since pampering becomes more important and exercise is of secondary importance; the 50-59 year olds are the most vulnerable group in terms of considering leaving spas as this group appears to have the least interest in most spa services, whether these services be exercise and fitness oriented or beauty and pampering oriented. In a study conducted by the International SPA Association (2006), in both the U. S. and Canada, about one quarter of adult consumers (26% of Americans and 25% of Canadians) has visited a spa. These percentages translate into roughly 57 million U. S. adults (aged 18 and older) and 6. 3 million Canadian adults. More recently, 15% of all Americans and 14% of all Canadians have visited a spa within the previous 12 months. These active spa-goers, representing 3. 7 million Canadian consumers and 32. 2 million U. S. consumers, are the focus of this study. When presented with a list of possible benefits sought (or highly valued) on most spa visits, U. S. nd Canadian spa-goers concur on the top five benefits they seek: relaxation, calm/quite/peacefulness, pampering, time out for themselves, and refreshment. When seeking information on which spas to visit, consumers (in both countries) are most likely to trust friends, followed by family members and coworkers. In another study conducted by the ISA’s (2007), it revealed that of the 70% of U. S. spas that offer packag es, the most commonly offered are those for men, couples, pregnant women and teens. According to firstresearch. com, Demand for spa services is driven by personal income and demographic trends. The profitability of individual companies depends on efficient resource use and effective marketing. Larger companies have some economies of scale in marketing and purchasing. Small companies compete by offering unique services, serving a local market, and delivering a superior customer experience. The spa industry is labor-intensive: average annual revenue per employee is less than $80,000. An industry study by Walter Walsh, author of the Book, â€Å"The Spa Apprentice, Major providers of spa services are day spas (70 percent of industry revenue); resort and hotel spas (20 percent); and medical spas (5 percent). Other providers include club spas, mineral springs spas, and destination spas. About 80 percent of the spa facilities in the US are day spas. Medical spas are similar to day spas, but focus on services by healthcare professionals, such as Botox injections and laser hair removal. Destination spas offer lodging and a specific health regime, such as weight loss or detoxification programs. The most popular spa services are full body massages, manicures and pedicures, and facials. Other services include movement classes, body scrubs or wraps. An article from the Sun Star Cebu, (courtesy of their website- www. Sunstar. com. ph,) ,The health and wellness industry in Cebu is expected to grow further this year as more people seek out services offered by local spas. However, Spa and Wellness Association of Cebu Inc. (Swac) president Johnie Lim warned that small establishments and those with less dedicated owners will not survive as competition becomes stiffer this year. â€Å"The industry will explode with growth in the market but many small spas will close,† said Lim, also owner of Body and Sole. â€Å"Those who will survive are those that have captured their own markets. Lim said growth in the industry will be caused by an increase in the number of people who seek the services of spa and wellness centers. â€Å"More people have realized the benefits of going to a spa, even those in the lower middle income (bracket). The trend can be seen even among people who have never been to a spa before,† he said during the first anniversary celebration of Body and Sole Minglanilla, a fran chised outlet. Lifestyle â€Å"It’s becoming a part of the lifestyle of many Cebuanos. (With the growth), Cebu is becoming wellness island,† he added. He said this year’s growth will surpass that of last year, which saw the number of registered spa centers rise to 160 from 90 in 2006. The competitiveness of a spa center would depend on its services, he said, adding that Body and Sole has a good following because it offers value-for-money services. Body and Sole has 41 company-owned and franchised outlets in the Visayas and will be opening another one in Toledo City, Cebu on Jan. 18. It also has three branches in Luzon. While more people now have enough money to pay for an occasional visit to a local spa, Lim said upscale spa centers in Cebu would not have a lot of room for expansion. The middle-end spa centers will expand but (the) high-end (ones), not so much. Cebuanos will still be price-conscious,† he said. Accreditation With this expected growth in the industry, Lim said Swac will ask the Cebu City Council to require new spa and wellness establishments to get an accreditation from the association. â€Å"The accred itation would ensure that spa and wellness centers in Cebu would follow the same standards,† he said. This is in line with Swac’s goal to promote Cebu as a spa and wellness center in the country, he added. Lim said he disagrees with the notion that Cebu’s spa and wellness industry cannot compare to those in Thailand. â€Å"Thailand has been offering spa and wellness services for more than 20 years. We’ve only just started,† he said. He said that while he is â€Å"very positive† about the local industry, the sector could grow further if government, particularly the tourism department, provides more support. â€Å"We in the private sector have been doing most of the promotion on our own. The government should be more supportive instead of critical,† Lim said. (LAP) Related Literature Sources: 1. http://www.dayspamagazine.com/top-10-spa-wellness-trends-2016/ www. researchandmarket. com/reports/spa_industry_profile 11. http://www.spabusiness.com/digital/index1.cfm?mag=;codeid=0;linktype=XY;ref=n;issue= www. willenbooks. co. uk https://ru.scribd.com/document/262580027/1fb8ee5f097d1c7e70cb2caa6010f859 http://www.galleybayresort.com/massage.htm http://www.yeheyjp.com/product-category/mobile-phone http://lubbockonline.com/news/crime-and-courts/2017-03-08/police-1-critically-injured-shooting-near-downtown-lubbock http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19388160.2013.841502?src=recsys;journalCode=wctr20 http://www.spahandbook.com/ http://www.sunstar.com.ph/ https://www.spafinder.com/blog/content/affiliates/ http://www.cdaresort.com/discover/spa/treatments www. firstresearch. om/ http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-titanium-dioxide-market-research-report-2017—research-and-markets-300401915.html ;

“Age of Iron” by J.M. Coetzee Essay

The extract from the prose â€Å"Age of Iron† written by J.M. Coetzee is about the depiction of different generations conflicting with one another. This extract is set up as an old wise woman a one-way conversation during the 1990’s. This extract illustrates the young boy being forced in listening to the old wise woman’s opinion about the cons of the apartheid, more specifically being the war. Throughout the prose, the young boy refuses to listen to the voice of authority and shows the old wise woman that with stubbornness and self-determination, young children do not accept what they are told from authority. With the portrayal of the two generations conflicting, the extract suggests that the immense amount of influence of authority can play a major role on younger generations leading them to choose the wrong path. This prose is shown as a one-way conversation and is during the time period of the 1990’s which is also known as the South African Apartheid. With the Apartheid regime, the tone of the extract is in a depressed mood because of their struggle to freedom. The old wise woman’s opinions are demonstrated through her stream of consciousness and moves from quick dialogue with the young boy to descriptions showing the vivid imagery of the war. The depressed plot of this extract shows the social activism of the younger generation and the minorities in South Africa fighting for their own rights. The old woman’s advice is however being ignored from the young boy who refuses; due to his stubbornness and goes onto the wrong path putting himself into great danger. The setting of this prose most likely takes place in the old woman’s house because of the depiction that the old woman â€Å"do[esn’t] have bandages in the house.† This shows that the young boy illustrates the dramatic beginning by making â€Å"splashing noises† indicating that it was rainy day outside and he needed to go inside somewhere dry. Since the young boy went inside the old woman’s house without knocking, this shows that there is a family connection between the old woman and the boy however not a strong connection because of the one-way dialogue throughout the prose. However, they do have family connection where the boy visits often because she notices â€Å"the bandage [is] off and with surprise [she] noticed that the stitches were still in.† This line depicts that she cares for the boy and that there is a family connection between the two characters because of the connection of the boy being able to go into her house and the fact that he has visited before with a bandage on. The prose then continues into short dialogue, demonstrating that the narrator is represented as a motherly figure because of the tone of caring in the dialogue such as â€Å"when did you leave the hospital and you must keep that cut covered, otherwise it will get infected†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The protagonist in this prose is represented as a mother figure because of the consecutive questions she asks the boy about his cut and exaggerates that it will leave â€Å"a memento† on â€Å"his forehead for the rest of his life.† The protagonist is shown as a â€Å"hen that loses its chicks† because in the prose, the young boy that steps into the protagonist’s house isn’t blood-related to the old woman however, this line depicts that the old woman will still treat him as her own son because of the theme nature vs. nurture. The old woman also recommends to the young boy to â€Å"go [see] a doctor soon, or a clinic to have the stitches taken out.† This quotation also initiates the spark of the young boy choosing the wrong path in life, leading him into great danger because he cleverly moves away from the topic by saying that he â€Å"must rest [his] arm† and his â€Å"head is not sore.† By saying this to the old woman, she immediately thinks that he is â€Å"running away from someone† and by being silent, she starts to show her caring and loving for the boy by telling him advice. Since she asked the young boy with care and love if he was running away from someone, and with no reply, the old woman got worried and starts to explain to the young boy again that he is â€Å"too young for this kind of thing†. The old woman starts to tell explain to the young boy that it is not a good thing to die and that even though he is fighting for his own rights during the war, he should be careful because â€Å"[they are] throwing away [their] lives before [they] know what life can [really] be.† It is also indicated in the prose, that she is an old person because she says so herself when she is explaining to the young boy. She also talks about â€Å"Bheki†, her son who died at a young age because he fought in the war however when she explained to the young boy that war isn’t a good thing to participate; he didn’t understand because he asked after she had explained about the cons of war. The vivid imagery is brought out into that particular paragraph because she illustrates the war as an â€Å"age of chivalry† where â€Å"men [hack] other men to death.† However her strong opinion against the war didn’t work on the young boy because he wasn’t influenced at all because his desires were very strong about war. In the prose, the young boy has rebelled against the voice of authority (old woman_ by not paying attention to her when she was talking as she explained through dialogue and imagery that war isn’t something to be proud about. However, the young boy’s desire grew and he became more passionate about the war showing that all of the immense influencing she did was a waste of time. Consequently, she gets furious when he asks â€Å"where is Bheki.† This shows that the young boy wasn’t paying attention to the old woman and shows that he is also immature. This specific quotation indicates that the young boy isn’t mature because he didn’t understand her hint when she said that â€Å"I told Bheki so [I’ll] tell you again.† This being the turning point of the prose, the old woman changes her voice of tone from soft and sweet into more of a demanding voice by telling him to â€Å"sit down†. As he follows her orders, she starts to explain that Bheki is actually â€Å"in a box in a hole with earth heaped on top of him.† She says this with great pain and as she quickly brushes that off her shoulders, she then changes her way of explaining to the boy into a more childish way. She starts to use basic terms for the young boy to understand as her diction goes from complex to simple. Her voice changes immediately and the old woman start to explain to the boy as if he was a little child who was learning to ride a bike. As the conclusion starts to approach, her mood also becomes more furious because she knows that compassions is the most important thing and pushes that war is a struggle and pain. With her great influence upon the young boy, â€Å"he threw off [the] talk† and chooses the path of war as a sign of discipline. In the prose â€Å"Age of Iron† the influence of authority is shown throughout the prose. With the old woman trying to lure the young boy out from war is not successful as all the young boys listen to discipline and nothing else. However with him refusing the talk which had â€Å"weighed down the generation of his grandparents and his generation of his parents†; he decided to choose the wrong path leading him into a great deal of danger. Even though, the old wise woman knew what she was talking about and had heard about past experiences through memory and sense-perception, her influence upon the boy was very significant however with the two generations conflicting, the immense amount of influence of the old wise woman wasn’t successful which lead the young boy in choosing the wrong path.